But I accepted the challenge. It gave me some sorts of confidence and very soon I began to enjoy the job and it gave to me a better result. The time duration that I spend in the organization helped me a lot in my first induction programmed. I handled the situation very well and was very much satisfied with the things going on for me. In very short span of time I learned a lot and this span of time taught me lot for my successful life in future.
LTD 58 Service process and in answering customers queries. Here we mainly deal with exploratory research. Company is enough good in comparison to other companies. Products are excellent. LTD customers faces only problem with the pricing as compare with the competitor.
The working environment and the support that I got from the superiors and the colleagues were appreciable. Before joining the organisation I was very much susceptible about it but very much relevant to the industry also. For that matter my communication skills improved so was my personnel skills. One thing I realized was that every day brings new experience in the life and you do not have to wait for things get done but you have to push the things so that they could be done.
We need to apply that theory in our practical life for better and effective results. The same job that we can do with a greater fineness they are unable to do because of organised management learning.
In sort we are moulded in such an environment that we enjoy work which may not be true for others. Questionnaire 1. Address- Contact no- 4. Competitors: i ii iii iv v 5. Yes No 72 Yes No If Yes, then which: Sl. Date: Place: 73 Amy Cissna Nov. No problem. IrtazaRehan Nov. Arun Elangovan Apr. Pranjal Bhosale Dec. Joe Kael Aug. Website Manager at Business. Show More.
Total views. Final year students can download research publications here for free while most marketing project materials are paid versions. In our web archive, we have free marketing project topics and premium research papers in international marketing, b2b marketing, cement industry, social media and also, related research seminar works and journals for final year students in the marketing department.
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Association rules can be between more than 2 items. Of these, how many contain jam as well? Let this be n2. This means that the user has to guess which rule is interesting and ask for its confidence. This is going to be difficult because the database is bound to be very large. We might have to go through the entire database many times to find all interesting rules. Note that we can speak about support of an itemset and confidence of a rule.
The other combinations - support of a rule and confidence of an itemset are not defined. At the end of one pass of the database, we would have all those counts and we can find the confidence of all rules. How easy. This means that it can have subsets. We will need to maintain that many counters. If each counter is a single byte, then about GB will be required.
Minimum Support To make the problem tractable, we introduce the concept of minimum support. The user has to specify this parameter - let us call it minsupport. Then any rule i1, i2, Our problem now becomes - Find all rules that have a given minimum confidence and involves itemsets whose support is more than minsupport. Clearly, once we know the supports of all these itemsets, we can easily determine the rules and their confidences.
Hence we need to concentrate on the problem of finding all itemsets which have minimum support. We call such itemsets as frequent itemsets. Some Properties of Frequent Itemsets The methods used to find frequent itemsets are based on the following properties - 1.
Every subset of a frequent itemset is also frequent. Algorithms make use of this property in the following way - we need not find the count of an itemset, if all its subsets are not frequent. So, we can first find the counts of some short itemsets in one pass of the database. Then consider longer and longer itemsets in subsequent passes.
When we consider a long itemset, we can make sure that all its subsets are frequent. This can be done because we already have the counts of all those subsets in previous passes. Let us divide the tuples of the database into partitions, not necessarily of equal size. Then an itemset can be frequent only if it is frequent in atleast one partition.
This property enables us to apply divide and conquer type algorithms. We can divide the database into partitions and find the frequent itemsets in each partition. An itemset can be frequent only if it is frequent in atleast one of these partitions. To see that this is true, consider k partitions of sizes n1, n2, Consider an itemset which does not have minimum support in any partition.
Then its count in each partition must be less than sn1, sn2, Hence the itemset is not frequent in the entire database. This is extended to distributed data base. Use Case Diagrams Figure 4. Association rules shows attribute value conditions that occur frequently together in a given dataset. A typical and widelyused example of association rule mining is Market BasketAnalysis. Confidence: The other number is known as the confidence of the rule. One way to think of support is that it is the probability that a ran- domly selected transaction from the database will contain all items in the antecedent and the consequent, whereas the confidence is the conditional probability that a randomly selected transaction will include all the items in the consequent given that the transaction includes all the items in the antecedent.
Apriori Algorithm Apriori is designed to operate on databases containing transactions for example, collections of items bought by customers or details of a website frequentation. As is common in associ- ation rule mining, given a set of itemsets for instance, sets of retail transactions, each listing individual items purchased , the algorithm attempts to find subsets which are common to at least a minimum num- ber C of the itemsets.
Apriori uses breadth-first search and a tree. Let minimum support be s. This is extended to data base. Figure 5.
Often clients and servers operate over a computer network on separate hardware. A server machine is a high-performance host that is running one or more server programs which share its resources with clients. A client also shares any of its resources; Clients therefore initiate communication sessions with servers which await listen to incoming requests. Database Management The distributed database in our model is a horizontally partitioned database, which means the database schema of all the partitions are the same.
However, distributed database also has an intrinsic data skew- ness property. The distributions of the item sets in different partitions are not identical, and many items occur more frequently in some partitions than the others. As a result, many item sets may be large locally at some sites but not necessarily in the other sites.
This skewness property poses a new requirement in the design of mining algorithm. Therefore, our research is to develop a distributed algorithm for geographically distributed data sets that reduces communication costs. We have found that many candidate sets generated by applying the Apriori-gen function are not needed in the search of frequent itemsets. In fact, there is a natural and effective method for every site to generate its own set of candidate sets, which is typically much smaller than the set of all the candidate sets.
Following that, every site only needs to find the frequent itemsets among these candidate sets. The following lemma is described to illustrate the above observations. The process is repeated till no sets are formed or returned. Testing is the process of trying to discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product.
There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is the testing of individual software units of the application.
This is a structural testing, that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a business process performs accurately to the documented specifications and contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.
Testing is event driven and is more concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. When you build a relationship within any client online or offline your chances of a sale increase significantly. When you go into a sales meeting and fail to build rapport with the potential customer it is difficult to get the sale. Online is now becoming very similar. It does involve more of your time but there is less expense. The following diagram gives an overview of the type of areas we are talking about.
You will not necessarily copy other people but you may take some guidance when coming up with your unique plan. How are you going What message are you giving out online? Are you an approachable company? Is your infor- mation clear and compelling? Branding consistency is extremely important in how you communicate, what you communicate and how it looks. For example, always ensure the tools you use online to communicate with your custom- ers have the same look and feel as your website wherever possible.
What content are you going to provide that will add value, what will be of interest to potential customers. The following gives a breakdown of the key forms of Internet Marketing as outlined above. Social media marketing is marketing yourself through conversation and engagement with your potential customers.
For example, using Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin, and so on. E-mail marketing Online Advertising E-mail marketing is marketing yourself through delivery of e-mails to current and potential clients. This could be in the form of signa- tures on the e-mails showing your Facebook address etc. There are many forms of online advertising.
Although advertising through the likes of newspapers is not that effective, targeted ad- vertising online can be very effective. The advertisement is directly related Affiliate marketing is where you get third party companies to pro- mote your company with a commission paid for a lead or sale.
Your website is key internet marketing tool used to promote your business online. PR can be a very effective tool for promoting your business and there are many ways of doing this online. There is no difference! Why should I consider marketing on the Internet? As more and more people spend time on line they are spending less time with traditional media such as newspapers, TV, and so on. Internet Marketing is typically cheaper and a more effective method of targeting your potential customers.
Advertising online as op- posed to offline is also easier to track to see its effectiveness. What is viral marketing? Viral marketing is where you communicate a message to someone and they share out this message to their personal and business networks, who in turn share it out to their networks, and so on. The more people that share and pass on your message the more chance your message has of becoming viral. There are various techniques that can be used to get this message shared out.
What is social media all about? People are joining social networks such as Facebook. They are now starting to use these social networks more and more to find out recommendations about products and ser- vices from their friends, sharing out information about their trips and experiences, and promote companies they really like. Tapping into this can be very powerful.
What is a smart phone? A smart phone is a phone that contains more than just call receiving and answering func- tionality. It would typically have an internet browser which allows you to get access to websites. Increasingly people have smart phones such as an iPhone and this means you will need to make sure that your website works on these types of devices. This is very difficult to know because online is moving at such a fast pace, however, one thing for sure is that the traditional methods of broadcasting your advertising message to a consumer is going to continue to have difficulty.
A lot of social media is about networking online and this will certainly increase. The tools will change but people networking online will continue to grow. Do I have to spend lots of time online sending messages through Twitter, updating my Facebook page, writing blogs, etc.? It is true that although a lot of the tools you use online are free you still have to invest time in engaging and communicating with your customers and potential customers.
The search engine optimisation process is about ensuring that the search engines give priority to your web pages over other competing pages and there are many techniques for doing this.
On Page Optimisation On page optimisation is the process of optimising the content with- in the web page to ensure that Google indexes it according to how you want to be in- dexed. Google goes through your page to see what you have outlined what this page is about and then it goes through all the content to figure out if it agrees with this. Off page optimisation when somebody links to your website, that is like someone giving you a vote for an election.
The more relevant votes you get the better. So Google checks to see who is linking to you and what words they are using to link to you. You need to get important web pages to link to you using the keywords you want to get indexed on. It is much better to get 10 links from 10 important and relevant websites e. People are networking online with a range of different tools such as LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter.
As people spend more time on social net- works they are starting to recommend products and services, share out information on their holidays, trips, products purchased and much more. There are many ways of taking advantage of this and generating sales. For more detailed information on Social Media and the many tools you can use, see the range of social media training guides that are part of this series of guides.
It allows you to create a text like message of up to characters through a PC or on your phone and send it to your followers. You could be at home communicating what you are doing or in work. It can be a very useful tool to market your message to a lot of people at the same time very quickly.
It can also be used to find out if people are actively looking for your ser- vices. So it can be very useful, however, until you master the tool it can be very time consuming to use. You create your personal profile similar to a CV on the site and then network with other people. One big ad- vantage with LinkedIn is that when you connect with someone through the site they be- come part of your network and you are made aware of who is in their network.
This Facebook You can create a personal profile to connect with your friends and a business page to connect with your customers. By mar- keting through your business page you can communicate directly to your fans of that page. Blogging A blog is basically a set of online articles normally displayed through your web- site. When you write an article you want people to read this content and share it out.
Social Bookmarking A bookmark is a way of keeping track of sites you went to before that you might want to go back to. Social bookmarking allows you to share out the information on the sites you have bookmarked to your friends and of course they can do the same. For example, a radio station could produce a podcast of a show they run so that people that missed the show can come to their website and download it to listen to it at their leisure.
Video There are many online video sites that can be used to market your business. Video can be a very effective tool and as Google really likes video it is more likely to appear in search results. YouTube is the biggest video sharing site and is also one of the biggest search engines as so many people search for content through YouTube. For example, Google have a free alerting application called Google Alerts www.
With this application you can enter in what you want to be alerted about and each day Google will e-mail you with details of where on the Internet somebody mentioned these phrases. For example, if you want to be alerted if your hotel name was mentioned on the Internet you could create an alert for the hotel name.
When your name is mentioned Google will send you an e-mail with a link to a web page to where your hotel name was mentioned. This may change in years to come as social media be- comes more important but at the moment e-mail marketing is still quite effective at keeping in touch. For items such as newsletters there are many cost effective tools available that will help manage this process and most of these tools will allow you to customise the look of the newsletter so that it is consistent with your brand.
For example, Mail Chimp allows you to fully customise the look and feel of the newsletter. It also lets you monitor statistics such as who is opening your newsletter, who deleted it, who clicked on a link and went to your website. This is extremely important information to monitor as you want to continuously tweak your newsletter to make it more effective.
If you find that people are more engaged with any particular type of information you provide then provide a lot more of it. For example, if you have any special deal make sure you have a clearly visible way of a potential customer availing of this offer e.
Book Now! Keep the information relevant and short with very interesting catchy titles. How many people read your entire newsletter? Very, very few. Do not automatically subscribe anybody to a newsletter. There are other forms of e-mail communication such as people just signing up to a mail- ing list, however, the guidelines for a newsletter still apply.
The following gives an outline of some of the most popular ways of advertising your products online. Google AdWords When you do a search on Google you generally see advertisements to the right hand side of the search and sponsored advertisements across the top.
Companies are paying for these advertisements based on a cost per click or cost per impression basis. When you create an advertisement you decide when the advertisement will appear and this is based on matching up with keywords that people use for searching. The price of this advertisement is based on an There are many other factors that Google also take into account when pricing the adver- tisement.
For example, it assigns a quality score to your advertisement. If your quality score is high then your advertisement cost could be lower compared to another com- petitor with a similar ad with a lower quality score. The quality score is calculated using a variety of factors and probably the most important is the click through rate. Google now thinks you ad is not relevant so penalises you for this. Your advertisement can be displayed on Google searches but it can also be displayed on partner websites that work with Google.
This is known as the content network. Banner Advertisements A banner advertisement is an advertisement that appears on the website that is clicka- ble. When you click on the advertisement you are brought to the website for the compa- ny that is paying for the advertisement.
Here is an example of a banner advertisement on the RTE website. Typically the banner advertisement would be graphical and you pay on a pay per click or pay per impression basis. Facebook Advertising The big advantage with Facebook is that you can target in on exactly who you want to see the advertisements. For example, if you ran an adventure centre and the typical profile of a customer is a male between 30 and 45 that live in Dublin you could just advertise to them. When they login to Facebook they see these advertisements on the right hand part of the screen.
The source of the traffic is called the affiliate. The affiliate then gets payment for driving this traffic depending on the result. For example, the affiliate may only get paid if they drive traffic to your website and this ends up in a sale.
There are many forms of affiliate marketing and sometimes these cross over with other forms of advertising. So if you go to the hotel and book a room then the source of this traffic will get paid an amount.
When you do all your work with other forms of online promotion and drive traffic back to your website you want to convert this traffic. If this is not a sale then at a minimum you need to capture their details so that you can continue to market to them.
So the design of your website is very important. You want it to look professional to fol- low all the appropriate usability guidelines and you want it to produce business.
There are many websites out there that are just brochure websites. They tell us how good the company is and all the great services they provide but that is not enough any- more. You need to provide some value to people arriving at your site. Think about what information you can provide that will help them make a decision about booking a room at your hotel, a table at your restaurant, or an activity at your adventure centre.
If they are booking a hotel let them know what other people have said about the hotel, let them know all the facilities nearby and provide them with a video where they really get a feel for what the place is like.
Recommendations from other people are extremely important online. That is good PR for you and you can also provide a link back to your website that helps with your rankings on the search engines. The following are some newer forms of internet marketing you may come across. Location Based Check-ins there are many sites e. Foursquare, Facebook places that are providing the ability for people to check in to any location they are.
When they check in they see who else is checked in, what there is to do in an area, and much more. There are lots of new and innovative ways of using the mobile to promote your products and services. Make sure it does! It will be important to be part of this conversation.
So that just means more people spending more time online and everybody having access to the internet. More than ever before, you need to have a home run answer to the question how much money do you make and what have you done? Niche specific tool sets will be huge. Expensive eBooks are dead. Build a real product, then consider the eBook as a mar- keting tool, if necessary.
Cultivated and proctored communities will start popping up everywhere. I think this approach will get utilized a lot more in the coming years.
Podcasting is the new blogging. Instead of starting a blog, start a podcast.
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